What it is & what it does
Citric Acid is an AHA that is frequently used primarily as a pH adjuster in cosmetics.
WHAT IT IS: Citric Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid found naturally in citrus fruits, but its most common role in many cosmetics is adjusting formula pH.
WHAT IT DOES / EVIDENCE: At higher suitable free-acid conditions it may contribute exfoliating effects. When present only for pH control, it helps keep preservatives and active ingredients working in their intended range rather than performing a stand-alone peel. The percentage and finished pH determine the actual function.
IN THE FINISHED FORMULA: The ingredient name alone cannot tell whether a formula exfoliates or simply needs acidity control. The actual function depends on raw-material identity and product design.
WHAT IT DOES / EVIDENCE: At higher suitable free-acid conditions it may contribute exfoliating effects. When present only for pH control, it helps keep preservatives and active ingredients working in their intended range rather than performing a stand-alone peel. The percentage and finished pH determine the actual function.
IN THE FINISHED FORMULA: The ingredient name alone cannot tell whether a formula exfoliates or simply needs acidity control. The actual function depends on raw-material identity and product design.
